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The problem of emission of total particulate matter and heavy metals from tribological systems in vehicles
1
Wydział Samochodów i Maszyn Roboczych, Politechnika Warszawska, Poland
2
Environment Protection Centre, Motor Transport Institute, Poland
Submission date: 2023-09-05
Final revision date: 2023-11-20
Acceptance date: 2024-01-25
Online publication date: 2024-04-13
Corresponding author
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The article presents the problem of particulate matter and heavy metal emissions from the tribological systems (road abrasion, brake and tyre wear) road of cars equiped with internal combustion engines (ICEs), battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hybrids and plug-in vehicles (PHEVs). The results of mathematical modelling carried out for obtaining of the emissions of particulate matter and heavy metals, such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn, resulting from the road abrasion, brakes and tyre wear, are presented. Emissions are shown depending on the average speed and type of traffic (traffic in the city (urban), outside the city (rural) and on the highway) and the type of vehicle.
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