KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The article presents issues related to the assessment of concentrations of harmful substances in the exhaust gas cloud behind a compression-ignition passenger vehicle. The introduction discusses the subject of optical measurement methods and refers to Lambert Beer's law describing the phenomenon of absorption of electromagnetic radiation when passing through a partially absorbing and scattering medium. The vehicle used during the tests was characterized by a four-cylinder drive unit with a maximum power of 110 kW at 4000 rpm and a maximum torque of 320 Nm at 2000 rpm. The vehicle was type-approved in accordance with the Euro 4 standard. Exhaust gas dispersion tests behind the vehicle were carried out both in stationary conditions (a specially prepared laboratory stand) and in real operating conditions. PEMS testing equipment was used for this type of measurements. During the measurements, concentrations of harmful exhaust gas compounds were analyzed in relation to the distance of the measuring probe from the exhaust system. In stationary conditions, the influence of the engine speed on the dispersion of pollutants was also studied. The tests carried out show that the concentrations obtained behind a moving vehicle significantly decrease with the distance of the measuring probe, and their dispersion in most cases is much smaller than in the case of stationary tests. This is the basis for recognizing that thanks to this, it is possible to analyze the concentrations obtained and conduct tests using the emission gate.
 
REFERENCES (25)
1.
Andrews GE, Li H, Wylie JA, Zhu G, Bell M, Tate J. Influence of ambient temperature on cold-start emissions for a Euro 1 SI car using in-vehicle emissions measurement in an urban traffic jam test cycle. SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-1617. 2005. https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-0....
 
2.
AxionRS+. GlobalMRV Inc. Introducing the world’s first Micro PEMS with remote monitoring capabilities. Cheektowaga 2017.
 
3.
Bajerlein M, Daszkiewicz P, Dobrzyński M, Rymaniak Ł, Siedlecki M. Analiza emisji zanieczyszczeń autobusu miejskiego zasilanego CNG w aspekcie procedur NTE oraz UE 582/2011. Combustion Engines. 2015;54(3):800-804.
 
4.
Bernard Y, German J, Muncrief R. Worldwide use of remote sensing to measure motor vehicle emissions. ICCT, 2019. https://theicct.org/publicatio....
 
5.
Bishop GA, Burgard DA, Stedman DH. On-road remote sensing of automobile emissions in the La Brea Area: year 3, October 2003. Coordinating Research Council, Inc.: Alpharetta 2004. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/....
 
6.
Ferreira F, Gomes P, Tente H, Carvalho AC, Pereira P, Monjardino J. Air quality improvements following implementation of Lisbon's Low Emission Zone. Atmos Environ. 2015;122:373-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmo....
 
7.
Fuć P, Lijewski P, Ziółkowski A, Siedlecki M. Trends in the type-approval regulations in terms of exhaust gas emissions for vehicles of category PC and LDV. Combustion Engines. 2015;54(3):417-424. https://bibliotekanauki.pl/art....
 
8.
Fraser MP, Buzcu B, Yue ZW, McGaughey GR, Desai NR, Allen DT et al. Validation of source attribution using organic molecular markers for emissions of fine particles from mobile sources. Envir Sci Tech. 2003;37:3904-3909.
 
9.
Health Effects Institute. State of global air 2020. Special Report. 2020.
 
10.
Hwa MY, Hsieh CC, Wu TC, Chang LFW. Real-world vehicle emissions and VOCs profile in the Taipei tunnel located at Taiwan Taipei area. Atmos Environ. 2002;36(12):1993-2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-....
 
11.
Imhof D, Weingartner E, Prévôt AS, Ordonez C, Kurtenbach R, Wiesen P et al. Aerosol and NOx emission factors and submicron particle number size distributions in two road tunnels with different traffic regimes. Atmos Chem Phys. 2006;6(8):2215-2230. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-....
 
12.
Kelly F, Armstrong B, Atkinson R, Anderson HR, Barratt B, Beevers S et al. The London low emission zone baseline study. Research Report (Health Effects Institute). 2011;163:3-79. https://www.healtheffects.org/....
 
13.
Kozak M, Merkisz J. Oxygenated diesel fuels and their effect on PM emissions. Appl Sci. 2022;12(15):7709. https://doi.org/10.3390/app121....
 
14.
Ku D, Bencekri M, Kim J, Leec S, Leed S. Review of European low emission zone policy. Chem Eng, 2020;78:241-246. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET207....
 
15.
Kurczyński D, Wcisło G, Łagowski P, Leśniak A, Kozak M, Pracuch B. Determination of the effect of the addition of second-generation biodiesel BBuE to diesel fuel on selected parameters of “B” fuels. Energies. 2023;16(19):6999. https://doi.org/10.3390/en1619....
 
16.
Ma L, Graham DJ, Stettler ME. Has the ultra low emission zone in London improved air quality? Environ Res Lett. 2020;16(12):124001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9....
 
17.
Merkisz J, Rymaniak Ł. Tests of urban bus specific emissions in terms of currently applicable heavy vehicles operating emission regulations. Combustion Engines. 2017;168(1):21-26. https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-20....
 
18.
Rymaniak Ł, Kamińska M, Szymlet N, Grzeszczyk R. Analysis of harmful exhaust gas concentrations in cloud behind a vehicle with a spark ignition engine. Energies. 2021;14(6):1769. https://doi.org/10.3390/en1406....
 
19.
Stedman DH. Carbon monoxide amongst other chemicals. 211st American Chemical Society (ACS) National Meeting. New Orleans 1996.
 
20.
Warguła Ł, Kukla M, Lijewski, P, Dobrzyński M, Markie-wicz F. Impact of compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel sys-tems in small engine wood chippers on exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. Energies. 2020;13(24):6709. https://doi.org/10.3390/en1324....
 
21.
www.climateanalytics.org (accessed on 15 April 2023).
 
22.
www.gpsvisualizer.com/ (accessed on 28 February 2023).
 
23.
www.europarl.europa.eu (accessed on 15 April 2023).
 
24.
www.ourworldindata.org (accessed on 15 April 2023).
 
25.
www.ricardo.com (accessed on 15 April 2023).
 
 
CITATIONS (1):
1.
Experimental Study of the System "Source of Exhaust Gas - Storage Capacity"
Oyum Balabayev, Bakhtiyar Askarov, Aidana Kassymzhanova, Dias Beisembayev, Adil Sove
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina
 
eISSN:2658-1442
ISSN:2300-9896
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top