Environmental protection is currently receiving significant attention, particularly in the context of transport's impact on the environment. Limited fossil resources, climate change, and global warming are driving the automotive industry toward more efficient and sustainable solutions. These challenges are driving car manufacturers to adopt new technologies and alternative drive systems. Examples of such vehicles include electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid vehicles (HEVs or PHEVs). The impact of operating these modes of transport on the emission of pollutants other than exhaust gases is crucial. Examples of such emissions include particulate matter generated by brake and tire wear. All vehicles, whether conventionally or alternatively powered, generate such emissions during operation, regardless of their drive type. These particulate matter enter the air and can pose a threat to the environment and human health. While it may seem that electric cars may emit less particulate matter from their braking systems due to the frequent use of recuperation, tires remain a significant source of emissions. The article included measurements of dust emissions during the operation of an electric vehicle and a conventionally driven vehicle, as well as studies of the elemental composition of particles using scanning electron microscopy, analyzing dust collected from the vehicle's surroundings, braking system and tires