One of the biggest challenges of modern aviation is the development of technologies that reduce or eliminate emissions of harmful combustion components into the atmosphere. European authorities are imposing increasingly stringent emissions regulations. Therefore, new models of combustion chambers, new combustion methods, as well as new types of aviation fuels must be developed. This article presents the possibilities of using hydrogen propulsion in aviation. The reasons for conducting research on hydrogen propulsion are discussed, as well as the history of the introduction of hydrogen propulsion into aircraft engines. Problems that can be encountered in the production and storage of hydrogen are identified and explained. Proposals for the use of hydrogen combustion or the use of fuel cells to power turbine engines are also presented, and the economic aspect of this type of fuel is discussed.