KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Ignition delay is one of the most important parameters characterising hypergolic propellants. This parameter has a strong im-pact on thruster operation, especially during the cold start. Ignition delay influences the intensity of pressure rise and its peak values during the start of a thruster. High-pressure levels cause stress inside the chamber wall, which directly affects durability and safety. One of two measurement techniques is usually chosen to determine the ignition delay: visual and pressure-based methods. Visual methods are based on high-speed imaging and subsequent image analysis. In the pressure-based method, the pressure trace is analysed. In this study, both techniques were used together and compared in terms of ignition delay determination of hypergolic propellants igniting during the drop tests. The advantages and disadvantages of both techniques were indicated and described. In the setup used in the study, the visual method was found to be more accurate and reliable.
REFERENCES (40)
1.
Ak MA, Ulas A, Sümer B, Yazici B, Yildirim C, Gönc LO, et al. An experimental study on the hypergolic ignition of hydrogen peroxide and ethanolamine. Fuel. 2011;90(1):395-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel....
 
2.
Alfano AJ, Mills JD, Vaghjiani GL. Highly accurate ignition delay apparatus for hypergolic fuel research. Rev Sci Instrum. 2006;77(4). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2188....
 
3.
Blevins JJA, Gostowski R, Chianese S. An experimental investigation of hypergolic ignition delay of hydrogen peroxide with fuel mixtures. 42nd AIAAASMESAEASEE Jt Propuls Conf Exhib. 2004;1335:1-8. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004....
 
4.
Chambreau SD, Schneider S, Rosander M, Hawkins T, Gallegos CJ, Pastewait MF et al. Fourier transform infrared studies in hypergolic ignition of ionic liquids. J Phys Chem A. 2008;112(34):7816-7824. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp8038....
 
5.
Chowdhury A, Wang S, Thynell S. Ignition behavior of novel hypergolic materials. 45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; 2009:1-11. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009....
 
6.
Chwist M. Comparative analysis of heat release in a reciprocating engine powered by a regular fuel with pyrolysis oil addition. Combustion Engines. 2022;190(3):104-12. https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-14....
 
7.
Coil M. Hypergolic ignition of a gelled ionic liquid fuel. 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; 2010: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010....
 
8.
Dambach E, Cho K, Pourpoint T, Heister S. Ignition of advanced hypergolic propellants. 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Nashville; 2010.
 
9.
Davis SM, Yilmaz N. Advances in hypergolic propellants: ignition, hydrazine, and hydrogen peroxide research. Adv Aerosp Eng. 2014;2014(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/7....
 
10.
DeSain JD, Curtiss TJ, Metzler KM, Brady BB. Testing hypergolic ignition of paraffin wax/LiAlH4 mixtures – AIAA 2010-6636. 46th AIAAASMESAEASEE Jt Propuls Conf Exhib. 2010;1-19. https://doi.org/doi:10.2514/6.....
 
11.
Gauthier BM, Davidson DF, Hanson RK. Shock tube determination of ignition delay times in full-blend and surrogate fuel mixtures. Combust Flame. 2004;139(4):300-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comb....
 
12.
Ghassemi H, Fasih HF. Application of small size cavitating venturi as flow controller and flow meter. Flow Meas Instrum. 2011;22(5):406-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flow....
 
13.
Grochowalska J, Jaworski P, Kapusta ŁJ, Kowalski J. A new model of fuel spray shape at early stage of injection in a marine diesel engine. Int J Numer Methods Heat Fluid Flow. 2022;32(7):2345-2359. https://doi.org/10.1108/HFF-05....
 
14.
He Z, Yang J, Nie Z, Zhou X, Wu J. Preparation, characterization, and thermal decomposition kinetics of high test peroxide gel. Acta Astronaut. 2023;211:510-517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acta....
 
15.
Heufer KA, Olivier H. Determination of ignition delay times of different hydrocarbons in a new high pressure shock tube. Shock Waves. 2010;20(4):307-316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193....
 
16.
James MD, Kubal TD, Son SF, Anderson WE, Pourpoint TL. Calibration of an impinging jet injector suitable for liquid and gelled hypergolic propellants. 45th AIAAASMESAEASEE Jt Propuls Conf Exhib. 2009:1-13. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009....
 
17.
Jaworski A, Kuszewski H, Longwic R, Sander P. Assessment of self-ignition properties of canola oil–n-hexane blends in a constant volume combustion chamber and compression ignition engine. Appl Sci. 2023;13(19):10558. https://doi.org/10.3390/app131....
 
18.
Jyoti BVS, Naseem MS, Baek SW. Hypergolicity and ignition delay study of pure and energized ethanol gel fuel with hydrogen peroxide. Combust Flame. 2017;176:318-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comb....
 
19.
Kang H, Jang D, Kwon S. Demonstration of 500 N scale bipropellant thruster using non-toxic hypergolic fuel and hydrogen peroxide. Aerosp Sci Technol. 2016;49:209-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.....
 
20.
Kang H, Lee E, Kwon S. Suppression of hard start for nontoxic hypergolic thruster using H2O2 oxidizer. J Propuls Power. 2017;33(5):1111-1117. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.B365....
 
21.
Kapusta ŁJ, Boruc Ł, Kindracki J. Pressure and temperature effect on hypergolic ignition delay of triglyme-based fuel with hydrogen peroxide. Fuel. 2021;287:119370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel....
 
22.
Khomik SV, Usachev SV, Medvedev SP, Ivantsov AN, Stovbun SV, Mikhalkin VN et al. Reasonable testing of hypergolic fuels. Acta Astronaut. 2020;176:695-699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acta....
 
23.
Li J, Fan W, Weng X, Tang C, Zhang X, Huang Z et al. Experimental observation of hypergolic ignition of superbase-derived ionic liquids. J Propuls Power. 2018;34(1):125-132. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.B364....
 
24.
Mahakali R, Kuipers FM, Yan AH, Anderson WE. Development of reduced toxicity hypergolic propellants. 47th AIAAASMESAEASEE Jt Propuls Conf Exhib. 2011:1-14. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011....
 
25.
McCrary PD, Barber PS, Kelley SP, Rogers RD. Nonaborane and decaborane cluster anions can enhance the ignition delay in hypergolic ionic liquids and induce hypergolicity in molecular solvents. Inorg Chem. 2014;53(9):4770-4776. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic5006....
 
26.
Merkisz J, Pielecha I, Łęgowik A. The assessment of autoignition of modified jet fuels. Energies. 2021;14(3):633. https://doi.org/10.3390/en1403....
 
27.
Mota FAS, Fei L, Liu M, Jiang J, Tang C. Novel hypergolic green fuels with hydrogen peroxide for propulsion systems. J Propuls Power. 2024;40(2):207-219. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.B392....
 
28.
Mota FAS, Liu M, Mohsen AAA, Yao X, Mai Z, Tang C. Development of polyamine/alkanolamine-based hypergolics with hydrogen peroxide: a new route to n-methylimidazole with MDEA as a promising green fuel. Fuel. 2024;357:129798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel....
 
29.
Naber JD, Siebers DL, Di Julio SS, Westbrook CK. Effects of natural gas composition on ignition delay under diesel conditions. Combust Flame. 1994;99(2):192-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2....
 
30.
Nath S, Mallick L, Lefkowitz JK. Hypergolic ignition response to oxidizer droplet properties. Combust Flame. 2023;258:113061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comb....
 
31.
Park S, Lee K, Kang H, Park Y, Lee J. Effects of oxidizing additives on the physical properties and ignition performance of hydrogen peroxide-based hypergolic propellants. Acta Astronaut. 2022;200:48-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acta....
 
32.
Petersen EL, Kalitan DM, Barrett AB, Reehal SC, Mertens JD, Beerer DJ et al. New syngas/air ignition data at lower temperature and elevated pressure and comparison to current kinetics models. Combust Flame. 2007;149(1-2):244-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comb....
 
33.
Pourpoint T, Anderson W. Hypergolic reaction mechanisms of catalytically promoted fuels with rocket grade hydrogen peroxide. Combust Sci Technol. 2007;179(10):2107-2133. https://doi.org/10.1080/001022....
 
34.
Ramachandran PV, Kulkarni AS, Pfeil MA, Dennis JD, Willits JD, Heister SD et al. Amine-boranes: green hypergolic fuels with consistently low ignition delays. Chem – Eur J. 2014;20(51):16869-16872. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.2....
 
35.
Szwaja M, Szymanek A. Combustion comparative analysis of pyrolysis oil and diesel fuel under constant-volume conditions. Combustion Engines. 2023;195(4):90-96. https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-16....
 
36.
Türker L. Hypergolic systems based on hydrogen peroxide oxidizer. Earthline J Chem Sci. 2023;10(1):1-42. https://doi.org/10.34198/ejcs.....
 
37.
Wang SQ, Thynell ST. An experimental study on the hypergolic interaction between monomethylhydrazine and nitric acid. Combust Flame. 2012;159(1):438-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comb....
 
38.
Zarbo N, Belal H, Pourpoint TL. Effect of water and humidity on hypergolic propellant ignition delay. 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. 2015:1-15. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015....
 
39.
Zhang Y, Shreeve JM. Dicyanoborate-based ionic liquids as hypergolic fluids. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2011;50(4):935-937. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.2....
 
40.
Zhao X, Wang Z, Qi X, Song S, Huang S, Wang K et al. Hunting for energetic complexes as hypergolic promoters for green propellants using hydrogen peroxide as oxidizer. Inorg Chem. 2021;60(22):17033-17039. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.in....
 
eISSN:2658-1442
ISSN:2300-9896
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top