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Spray structures formed by a multi-nozzle injector during the injection of a multi-component surrogate synthetic fuel under flash-boiling conditions
1
Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
2
Faculty of Sciences, Physics Department, University of Lisbon, Portugal
3
Faculty of Mechanical and Ship Technology, Institute of Naval Architecture, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
Submission date: 2025-07-08
Final revision date: 2025-11-14
Acceptance date: 2025-11-18
Online publication date: 2025-12-19
Corresponding author
Henry Andres Porras Perucho
Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Nowowiejska 21/25, 00-665, Warszawa, Poland
Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Nowowiejska 21/25, 00-665, Warszawa, Poland
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The introduction of synthetic fuels into spark-ignition direct-injection engines requires a deeper understanding of the injection and spray formation process. It also includes spray formation under flash-boiling conditions, which has not been of primary importance so far. This research focuses on experimental studies of spray propagation and its morphological features when moderate flash boiling is achieved. Our main objective is to verify this effect in a multiple-nozzle injection system for a selected synthetic fuel. It is accomplished by increasing the fuel temperature. The results showed that the spray structure changed slightly due to flash-boiling, but the secondary effects related to the rapid vaporisation of the injected fuel, such as spray collapse, were not observed.
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