Selected parameters of the combustion process in a compression-ignition engine at different angles of the beginning of injection of mixtures of rapeseed oil with n-hexane
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Department of Automotive Vehicles, Lublin University of Technology, Poland
Submission date: 2025-06-21
Final revision date: 2025-10-01
Acceptance date: 2025-10-01
Online publication date: 2025-12-10
Corresponding author
Rafał Longwic
Department of Automotive Vehicles, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618, Lublin, Poland
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ABSTRACT
The article presents the results of experiments in which a compression-ignition engine was fueled with a mixture of rapeseed oil with a 10% addition of n-hexane. The effect of changing the fuel injection start angle on selected indicators of the combustion process was evaluated. The tests were conducted at a fixed vehicle speed of 90 km/h. The addition of n-hexane made it possible to improve the characteristics of the combustion process of rapeseed oil. The maximum combustion pressure increased to 9.5 MPa (ON: 9.66 MPa; OR: 8.71 MPa), and the ignition delay was shortened. Advancing the pilot injection by - 6° CA resulted in stabilization of the kinetic combustion phase; in reality, due to map interpolations and auto-adaptation strategies of the controller, the offset was approx. - 4° CA, indicating that it must be taken into account in the interpretation of the results. The average indexed pressure reached 0.805 MPa (ON: 0.813 MPa; OR: 0.728 MPa), and the maximum pressure build-up rate (dp/dα) reached 0.375 MPa/°CA, approaching the 0.399 MPa/°CA recorded for ON. The rate of heat release was in the range of 86-93 kJ/m³-°CA, clearly lower than that of OR (130 kJ/m³-°CA). The results confirm that appropriate modification of the fuel composition, together with a properly selected injection angle, allows compression-ignition engines to burn renewable fuels. The results of the measurements were described with regression relationships, which allows their use in further simulation and development work.
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